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What do alleles represent?

  1. a. Different species of genes

  2. b. Copies of different genes

  3. c. Copies of various chromosomes

  4. d. Different copies of the same gene

The correct answer is: d. Different copies of the same gene

Alleles represent different forms or variations of the same gene. In other words, they are alternative versions of a gene that can cause different traits or characteristics. Therefore, the correct answer is that alleles represent different copies of the same gene. Option A is incorrect because alleles do not represent different species of genes, but rather different versions of the same gene within a species. Option B is not correct as alleles are not copies of different genes, but rather different versions of a single gene. Option C is incorrect because alleles are not copies of various chromosomes; they are specific variations of a single gene located on a chromosome.